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<title>Pentatomomorpha</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentatomomorpha</span></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Pentatomomorpha

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Squash bug, <a href="Coreidae" title="Coreidae">Coreidae</a>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a>

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<td>Suborder:

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<td><a href="Heteroptera" title="Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a>

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<td>Infraorder:

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Superfamilies

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<p>The <b>Pentatomomorpha</b> comprise an <a href="Infraorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraorder">infraorder</a> of <a href="Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a> in the true bug <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a>. It unites such animals as the <a href="Pentatomoidea" title="Pentatomoidea">shield- or stink-bugs (Pentatomidae and alies)</a>, <a href="Flat_bug" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat bug">flat bugs</a> (Aradidae), seed bugs (<a href="Lygaeidae" title="Lygaeidae">Lygaeidae</a> and <a href="Rhyparochromidae" title="Rhyparochromidae">Rhyparochromidae</a>), etc. They are closely related to the <a href="Cimicomorpha" title="Cimicomorpha">Cimicomorpha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tol1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Based on the <a href="Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> morphology, the common ancestor of Pentatomomorpha must be older than the fossils in the late <a href="Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>. They play an important role in agriculture and forestry industries and they are also used as <a href="Controlling_for_a_variable" title="Controlling for a variable">controlling agents</a> in studies.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematics">Systematics</h2></div>

<p>Five <a href="Superfamily_(zoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfamily (zoology)">superfamilies</a> are usually placed in the Pentatomomorpha. The <a href="Aradoidea" title="Aradoidea">Aradoidea</a> represent the most <a href="Basal_(evolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal (evolution)">basal</a> extant lineage, while the others, often united as <a href="Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> <b>Trichophora</b>, are more modern:<sup id="cite_ref-Liu2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Li2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tol1995_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Aradoidea" title="Aradoidea">Aradoidea</a> Brullé, 1836</li>

<li><a href="Coreoidea" title="Coreoidea">Coreoidea</a> Leach, 1815</li>

<li><a href="Lygaeoidea" title="Lygaeoidea">Lygaeoidea</a> Schilling, 1829</li>

<li><a href="Pentatomoidea" title="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</a> Leach, 1815</li>

<li><a href="Pyrrhocoroidea" title="Pyrrhocoroidea">Pyrrhocoroidea</a> Amyot & Serville, 1843</li></ul>

<p>Among these, the <a href="Pentatomoidea" title="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</a> seem to represent a by and large <a href="Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> lineage as traditionally understood, while the other three form a close-knit group and are in serious need of redelimitation.<sup id="cite_ref-tol1995_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Idiostolidae" title="Idiostolidae">Idiostolidae</a> are usually considered a family of the <a href="Lygaeoidea" title="Lygaeoidea">Lygaeoidea</a>, but in the past have been placed in a distinct <a href="Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> superfamily Idiostoloidea, for example.

</p><p>The <a href="Piesmatidae" title="Piesmatidae">Piesmatidae</a>, usually placed in the Lygaeoidea also, are sometimes considered <i><a href="Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or placed in a <a href="Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> superfamily Piesmatoidea with the discovery of <i>Cretopiesma</i>. However a cladistic analysis rejected <i>Cretopiesma</i> from Piesmatidae and placed the genus in the family <a href="Aradidae" title="Aradidae">Aradidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Pentatomomorpha/10818/1995.01.01">"Pentatomomorpha. Flat bugs, stink bugs, seed bugs, leaf-footed bugs, scentless plant bugs, etc"</a>. <a href="Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a>. January 1, 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFLiuLiSongZhao2019" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Yingqi; Li, Hu; Song, Fan; Zhao, Yisheng; et al. (2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/syen.12357">"Higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences"</a></span>. <i>Systematic Entomology</i>. <b>44</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">810–</span>819. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsyen.12357">10.1111/syen.12357</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109280554">109280554</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFLiWangXieTian2016" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Min; Wang, Yanhui; Xie, Qiang; Tian, Xiaoxuan; et al. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320041784">"Reanalysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on ribosomal, Hox and mitochondrial genes"</a>. <i>Entomotaxonomia</i>. <b>38</b> (2). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11680%2Fentomotax.2016021">10.11680/entomotax.2016021</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_A._GrimaldiMichael_S._Engel2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="David_A._Grimaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. Grimaldi">David A. Grimaldi</a> & <a href="Michael_S._Engel" title="Michael S. Engel">Michael S. Engel</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5909/1/N3611.pdf">"An unusual, primitive Piesmatidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="American_Museum_Novitates" title="American Museum Novitates">American Museum Novitates</a></i> (3611): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>17. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1206%2F0003-0082%282008%293611%5B1%3AAUPPIH%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3611[1:AUPPIH]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86107041">86107041</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassis, G., & R.T. Schuh (2010) Systematic methods, fossils, and relationships within Heteroptera (Insecta). Cladistics 26:262-280.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pentatomomorpha" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Pentatomomorpha">Pentatomomorpha</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Extant_Hemiptera_families448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a> families</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>

<li>Phylum: <a href="Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li>

<li>Class: <a href="Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></li>

<li>Subclass: <a href="Pterygota" title="Pterygota">Pterygota</a></li>

<li>Infraclass: <a href="Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a></li>

<li>Superorder: <a href="Paraneoptera" title="Paraneoptera">Paraneoptera</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Auchenorrhyncha448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Auchenorrhyncha" title="Auchenorrhyncha">Auchenorrhyncha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Cicadomorpha" title="Cicadomorpha">Cicadomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Froghopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Froghopper">Cercopoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(froghoppers)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphrophoridae" title="Aphrophoridae">Aphrophoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cercopidae" title="Cercopidae">Cercopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Clastopteridae" title="Clastopteridae">Clastopteridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ischnorhinidae" title="Ischnorhinidae">Ischnorhinidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Machaerotidae" title="Machaerotidae">Machaerotidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicadoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(cicadas)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicadidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tettigarctidae" title="Tettigarctidae">Tettigarctidae <small>(hairy cicadas)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Membracoidea" title="Membracoidea">Membracoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aetalionidae" title="Aetalionidae">Aetalionidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Leafhopper" title="Leafhopper">Cicadellidae <small>(leafhoppers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Melizoderidae" title="Melizoderidae">Melizoderidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Treehopper" title="Treehopper">Membracidae <small>(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Myerslopiidae" title="Myerslopiidae">Myerslopiidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Planthopper" title="Planthopper">Fulgoromorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(planthoppers)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Planthopper" title="Planthopper">Fulgoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acanaloniidae" title="Acanaloniidae">Acanaloniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Achilidae" title="Achilidae">Achilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Achilixiidae" title="Achilixiidae">Achilixiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cixiidae" title="Cixiidae">Cixiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Delphacidae" title="Delphacidae">Delphacidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Derbidae" title="Derbidae">Derbidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictyopharidae" title="Dictyopharidae">Dictyopharidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Eurybrachidae" title="Eurybrachidae">Eurybrachidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatidae" title="Flatidae">Flatidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Fulgoridae" title="Fulgoridae">Fulgoridae <small>(lanternflies)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Gengidae" title="Gengidae">Gengidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypochthonellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypochthonellidae">Hypochthonellidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Issidae" title="Issidae">Issidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinnaridae" title="Kinnaridae">Kinnaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lophopidae" title="Lophopidae">Lophopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Meenoplidae" title="Meenoplidae">Meenoplidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Nogodinidae" title="Nogodinidae">Nogodinidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ricaniidae" title="Ricaniidae">Ricaniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tettigometridae" title="Tettigometridae">Tettigometridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropiduchidae" title="Tropiduchidae">Tropiduchidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Sternorrhyncha448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Sternorrhyncha" title="Sternorrhyncha">Sternorrhyncha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Whitefly" title="Whitefly">Aleyrodoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Whitefly" title="Whitefly">Aleyrodidae <small>(whiteflies)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Aphid" title="Aphid">Aphidoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(aphids)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphididae" title="Aphididae">Aphididae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Scale_insect" title="Scale insect">Coccoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(scale insects)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aclerdidae" title="Aclerdidae">Aclerdidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Asterolecaniidae" title="Asterolecaniidae">Asterolecaniidae <small>(pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Beesoniidae" title="Beesoniidae">Beesoniidae <small>(beesoniids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Carayonemidae" title="Carayonemidae">Carayonemidae <small>(carayonemids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Cerococcidae" title="Cerococcidae">Cerococcidae <small>(ornate pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Coccidae" title="Coccidae">Coccidae <small>(soft scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Conchaspididae" title="Conchaspididae">Conchaspididae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dactylopius" title="Dactylopius">Dactylopiidae <small>(cochineals)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Diaspididae" title="Diaspididae">Diaspididae <small>(armored scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Eriococcidae" title="Eriococcidae">Eriococcidae <small>(felt scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Halimococcidae" title="Halimococcidae">Halimococcidae <small>(pupillarial palm scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Kermesidae" title="Kermesidae">Kermesidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerriidae" title="Kerriidae">Kerriidae <small>(lac scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Lecanodiaspididae" title="Lecanodiaspididae">Lecanodiaspididae <small>(false pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Margarodidae" title="Margarodidae">Margarodidae <small>(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Micrococcidae" title="Micrococcidae">Micrococcidae <small>(Mediterranean scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Monophlebidae" title="Monophlebidae">Monophlebidae <small>(giant scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Ortheziidae" title="Ortheziidae">Ortheziidae <small>(ensign scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phenacoleachiidae" title="Phenacoleachiidae">Phenacoleachiidae <small>(phenacoleachiids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenicococcidae" title="Phoenicococcidae">Phoenicococcidae <small>(palm scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Mealybug" title="Mealybug">Pseudococcidae <small>(mealybugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Putoidae" title="Putoidae">Putoidae <small>(giant mealybugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Stictococcidae" title="Stictococcidae">Stictococcidae <small>(stictococcids)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Phylloxeroidea" title="Phylloxeroidea">Phylloxeroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adelgidae" title="Adelgidae">Adelgidae <small>(woolly conifer aphids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phylloxeridae" title="Phylloxeridae">Phylloxeridae <small>(phylloxerans)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Psylloidea" title="Psylloidea">Psylloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphalaridae" title="Aphalaridae">Aphalaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Calophyidae" title="Calophyidae">Calophyidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Carsidaridae" title="Carsidaridae">Carsidaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Homotomidae" title="Homotomidae">Homotomidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Phacopteronidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacopteronidae">Phacopteronidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Psyllidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Psyllidae">Psyllidae <small>(jumping plant lice)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Triozidae" title="Triozidae">Triozidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Heteroptera_(with_Coleorrhyncha)448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Heteroptera" title="Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a> <small><span class="nobold">(with</span> <a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Coleorrhyncha</a><span class="nobold">)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dipsocoromorpha19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Dipsocoromorpha" title="Dipsocoromorpha">Dipsocoromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ceratocombidae" title="Ceratocombidae">Ceratocombidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dipsocoridae" title="Dipsocoridae">Dipsocoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypsipterygidae" title="Hypsipterygidae">Hypsipterygidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Schizopteridae" title="Schizopteridae">Schizopteridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Stemmocryptidae" title="Stemmocryptidae">Stemmocryptidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephalomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephaloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aenictopecheidae" title="Aenictopecheidae">Aenictopecheidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Enicocephalidae" title="Enicocephalidae">Enicocephalidae <small>(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Gerromorpha" title="Gerromorpha">Gerromorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(semiaquatic bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Gerroidea" title="Gerroidea">Gerroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gerridae" title="Gerridae">Gerridae <small>(water striders)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Hermatobatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermatobatidae">Hermatobatidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Veliidae" title="Veliidae">Veliidae <small>(riffle bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Velvet_water_bug" title="Velvet water bug">Hebroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Velvet_water_bug" title="Velvet water bug">Hebridae <small>(velvet water bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Hydrometroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrometroidea">Hydrometroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hydrometridae" title="Hydrometridae">Hydrometridae <small>(marsh treaders or water measurers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Macroveliidae" title="Macroveliidae">Macroveliidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraphrynoveliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphrynoveliidae">Paraphrynoveliidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Water_treader" title="Water treader">Mesovelioidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(water treaders)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Madeoveliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeoveliidae">Madeoveliidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Mesoveliidae" title="Mesoveliidae">Mesoveliidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Leptopodomorpha19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Leptopodomorpha" title="Leptopodomorpha">Leptopodomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saldidae" title="Saldidae">Saldidae <small>(shore bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Leptopodidae" title="Leptopodidae">Leptopodidae <small>(spiny shore bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Omaniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaniidae">Omaniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Aepophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aepophilidae">Aepophilidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Nepomorpha" title="Nepomorpha">Nepomorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(true water bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Corixidae" title="Corixidae">Corixoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corixidae" title="Corixidae">Corixidae <small>(water boatmen)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Nepoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepoidea">Nepoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Belostomatidae" title="Belostomatidae">Belostomatidae <small>(giant water bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Nepidae" title="Nepidae">Nepidae <small>(water scorpions, needle bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Ochteroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochteroidea">Ochteroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gelastocoridae" title="Gelastocoridae">Gelastocoridae <small>(toad bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Ochteridae" title="Ochteridae">Ochteridae <small>(velvety shore bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Aphelocheiroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelocheiroidea">Aphelocheiroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphelocheiridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelocheiridae">Aphelocheiridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Potamocoridae" title="Potamocoridae">Potamocoridae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Naucoridae" title="Naucoridae">Naucoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Naucoridae" title="Naucoridae">Naucoridae <small>(creeping water bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Notonectidae" title="Notonectidae">Notonectoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Notonectidae" title="Notonectidae">Notonectidae <small>(backswimmers)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pleoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleoidea">Pleoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Helotrephidae" title="Helotrephidae">Helotrephidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pleidae" title="Pleidae">Pleidae <small>(pygmy backswimmers)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peloridiomorpha(Coleorrhyncha)122" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiomorpha<br><span class="nobold">(Coleorrhyncha)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Cimicomorpha" title="Cimicomorpha">Cimicomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Cimicoidea" title="Cimicoidea">Cimicoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthocoridae" title="Anthocoridae">Anthocoridae <small>(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Cimicidae" title="Cimicidae">Cimicidae <small>(bed bugs, bat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Curalium" title="Curalium">Curaliidae <small>(<i>Curalium cronini</i>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Joppeicidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Joppeicidae">Joppeicidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lasiochilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasiochilidae">Lasiochilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyctocoridae" title="Lyctocoridae">Lyctocoridae</a></li>

<li>Medocostidae</li>

<li><a href="Microphysidae" title="Microphysidae">Microphysidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Miridae" title="Miridae">Miridae <small>(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Nabidae" title="Nabidae">Nabidae <small>(damsel bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Pachynomidae" title="Pachynomidae">Pachynomidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Plokiophilidae" title="Plokiophilidae">Plokiophilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyctenidae" title="Polyctenidae">Polyctenidae <small>(old world bat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Reduviidae" title="Reduviidae">Reduviidae <small>(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Thaumastocoridae" title="Thaumastocoridae">Thaumastocoridae <small>(royal palm bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Tingidae" title="Tingidae">Tingidae <small>(lace bugs)</small></a></li>

<li>Velocipedidae</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Aradoidea" title="Aradoidea">Aradoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aradidae" title="Aradidae">Aradidae <small>(flat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Termitaphididae" title="Termitaphididae">Termitaphididae <small>(termite bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pentatomoidea" title="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(shield bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Urostylididae" title="Urostylididae">Urostylididae</a></li>

<li><a href="Acanthosomatidae" title="Acanthosomatidae">Acanthosomatidae <small>(shield bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Tessaratomidae" title="Tessaratomidae">Tessaratomidae <small>(giant shield bugs and relatives)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Dinidoridae" title="Dinidoridae">Dinidoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cydnidae" title="Cydnidae">Cydnidae <small>(burrowing bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Thaumastellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaumastellidae">Thaumastellidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Parastrachiidae" title="Parastrachiidae">Parastrachiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Thyreocoridae" title="Thyreocoridae">Thyreocoridae <small>(includes ebony bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Lestoniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lestoniidae">Lestoniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Phloeidae" title="Phloeidae">Phloeidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Scutelleridae" title="Scutelleridae">Scutelleridae <small>(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Plataspidae" title="Plataspidae">Plataspidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentatomidae" title="Pentatomidae">Pentatomidae <small>(stink bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Canopidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopidae">Canopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Megarididae" title="Megarididae">Megarididae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Coreoidea" title="Coreoidea">Coreoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alydidae" title="Alydidae">Alydidae <small>(broad-headed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Coreidae" title="Coreidae">Coreidae <small>(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Hyocephalidae" title="Hyocephalidae">Hyocephalidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhopalidae" title="Rhopalidae">Rhopalidae <small>(scentless plant bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Stenocephalidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenocephalidae">Stenocephalidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Lygaeoidea" title="Lygaeoidea">Lygaeoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Artheneidae" title="Artheneidae">Artheneidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Berytidae" title="Berytidae">Berytidae <small>(stilt bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Blissidae" title="Blissidae">Blissidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Colobathristidae" title="Colobathristidae">Colobathristidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptorhamphidae" title="Cryptorhamphidae">Cryptorhamphidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cymidae" title="Cymidae">Cymidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Geocoridae" title="Geocoridae">Geocoridae</a></li>

<li>Henicocoridae</li>

<li><a href="Heterogastridae" title="Heterogastridae">Heterogastridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Idiostolidae" title="Idiostolidae">Idiostolidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lygaeidae" title="Lygaeidae">Lygaeidae <small>(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Malcidae" title="Malcidae">Malcidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Meschiidae" title="Meschiidae">Meschiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ninidae" title="Ninidae">Ninidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxycarenidae" title="Oxycarenidae">Oxycarenidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachygronthidae" title="Pachygronthidae">Pachygronthidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhyparochromidae" title="Rhyparochromidae">Rhyparochromidae <small>(atypical seed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Piesmatidae" title="Piesmatidae">Piesmatidae <small>(ash-grey leaf bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pyrrhocoroidea" title="Pyrrhocoroidea">Pyrrhocoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pyrrhocoridae" title="Pyrrhocoridae">Pyrrhocoridae <small>(red bugs, cotton stainers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Largidae" title="Largidae">Largidae <small>(bordered plant bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Note: <a href="Coleorrhyncha" title="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</a> are a different <a href="Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> from <a href="Heteroptera" title="Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a>. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as <a href="Prosorrhyncha" title="Prosorrhyncha">Prosorrhyncha</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2314" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2314" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pentatomomorpha</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262297" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q262297">Q262297</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pentatomomorpha" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Pentatomomorpha">Pentatomomorpha</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/PENTATOMOMORPHA">PENTATOMOMORPHA</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/865646">865646</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12837">12837</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/f6f8a5d2-f5c6-4f1d-bb32-1a4e38c63e68">f6f8a5d2-f5c6-4f1d-bb32-1a4e38c63e68</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/372868">372868</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0020309628">NHMSYS0020309628</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=176443">176443</a></span></span></li></ul>

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